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摘要：自2018年联合国教科文组织文化部门非物质文化遗产科更名为活态遗产处以来，“活态遗产”这一术语越来越多地出现在国际文化治理领域。以这一具有风向标意涵的重要事件作为历时性观察的坐标，结合《保护非物质文化遗产公约》形成和发展进程中产出的相关政策文件，采用循证研究法来系统梳理和分析与“活态遗产”这一术语的引入和使用高度相关的一系列重要事件。在物质文化遗产与非物质文化遗产两个领域，尽管存在着不同的出发点，但“活态遗产”的概念化发展和政策化使用，有着共同的时代背景、学理基础以及相似的关注点转向，且与教科文组织的使命与任务密切相关，可谓殊途同归。在国际层面，将“活态遗产”术语引入该公约的实施进程，有利于提升包括缔约国在内的各利益相关方对非遗活态属性的认知，打破“物质”和“非物质”二分法，促进不同文化公约之间的协合增效，从而增强对各类文化遗产的整体性保护；在国家层面，理解“活态遗产”这一概念愈加得到强化的应用及其政策语境，也有助于推动形成非物质文化遗产系统性保护格局，同时对全面思考中国非遗保护实践的未来方向亦有参考价值和借鉴意义。
关键词：活态遗产；非物质文化遗产；《保护非物质文化遗产公约》；事件史；概念史
作者简介：郭翠潇，中国社会科学院大学社会与民族学院博士研究生；中国社会科学院民族文学研究所副研究员（北京 100732）
Abstract: Since 2018, when the Intangible Cultural Heritage Section of the Culture Sector of UNESCO was renamed as the Living Heritage Entity, the term “living heritage” has gradually emerged in the field of international cultural governance. Taking this implicational event as a reference point for diachronic observation and considering the relevant policymaking documents produced during the formation and development of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, it is necessary to adopt an evidence-based approach to systematically sort out and analyze a series of key events that are highly relevant to introducing and using the term “living heritage” in subsequent events. Although there are differentiated embarking points of view, the conceptual development and policy use of “living heritage” in both the tangible and intangible heritage fields share a common context, theoretical basis, and similar shift in focus; they are closely linked to UNESCO’s mission and mandate, suggesting their alignment. At the international level, the inclusion of the concept of “living heritage” into the processes of implementing the 2003 Convention helps to raise awareness among all stakeholders including States Parties of the living attributes of ICH by breaking down dichotomies between tangible and intangible aspects while facilitating synergies between different cultural conventions, thereby strengthening the safeguarding practices for different forms of cultural heritage in a holistic manner. At the national level, understanding the increasingly intensified application of the concept of “living heritage” in its policymaking context also contributes to reshaping the grand patterns of ICH systematic safeguarding and provides valuable references and insights for making the overall consideration of future directions in ICH safeguarding practices in China.
Keywords: Living Heritage; Intangible Cultural Heritage; the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage; Event History; Conceptual History
About the Author: GUO Cuixiao, PhD Candidate at the School of Sociology and Ethnology, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Associate Research Fellow at the Institute of Ethnic Literature, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (Beijing 100732)
文章来源：中国民俗学网
【本文责编：CFNEditor】
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