|
摘要：20世纪80年代以来，与中国政府在文化和自然遗产、非物质文化遗产以及农业文化遗产等领域持续推进的保护工作相同步，许多地方社区陆续肩负起传承和保护多项不同类型遗产的责任和义务，其实践方式又与不同的国内法和国际法乃至不同的政府主管部门和政府间国际组织高度相关。如何在法律间、部门间、机构间开展联合行动，并以系统观念构建起以社区为中心的协合增效合作网络，已成为国家层面和地方层面(包括社区在内)在遗产保护实践中不可回避的重要问题。通过长期实地调研和参与观察发现，哈尼梯田文化景观作为世界遗产地，正是集多类型、多层级遗产叠合于一体的代表性社区。在这里，多重遗产化进程不可逆地改变了社区传统分层结构及其主体间性，涌入遗产地的不同利益攸关方已重组为新的行动实体，包括相关社区、群体和个人在内；而以“大遗产观”统摄多类型遗产保护的再在地化行动，成为遗产地社区树立活态遗产观念以开展多重保护实践的有效进路，从一个侧面反映了非物质文化遗产系统性保护的中国经验。
关键词：非物质文化遗产；“大遗产观”；多类型遗产；系统性保护；红河哈尼梯田
作者简介：张多，云南大学文学院副教授（昆明 650091）
Abstract: Since the 1980s, in sync with the undertakings continuously promoted by the Chinese Government in the fields of cultural and natural heritage, intangible cultural heritage and agricultural cultural heritage, many local communities have shouldered the responsibilities and obligations for the transmission and safeguarding of many different types of heritage, and their multiform practices are highly related to different domestic and international laws, as well as different competent government departments and intergovernmental international organizations. How to carry out joint actions among laws, departments, and agencies, and build a community-centered cooperative and synergistic network with a systematic conception has become a crucial issue that cannot be avoided in the practices related to multi-heritage at the national and local levels (including communities). Through long-term field study and participatory observation, it is found that the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces, a World Heritage Site, is a representative community with multi-type and multi-level heritages. On the one hand, the process of multi-thread heritagization has irreversibly changed the infrastructure of the communities concerned and their intersubjectivity, since the diverse stakeholders pouring into the heritage site have been reorganized into a new acting entity of communities, groups, and individuals concerned; On the other hand, the re-localized actions to guarantee the multi-type heritages governed by the “grand heritage view” have become an effective way for heritage-based communities to establish the conception of living heritage to carry out multiform practices, thereby reflecting the Chinese experiences toward the systematic safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage from such a heritage site.
Keywords: intangible cultural heritage; Grand Heritage View; Multi-Type heritage; systematic safeguarding; the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces
About the author: ZHANG Duo, Associate Professor at School of Chinese Language and Literature, Yunnan University (Kunming 650091)
文章来源：中国民俗学网
【本文责编：CFNEditor】
|
