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摘要：在《保护非物质文化遗产公约》的约文中，将非物质文化遗产（简称非遗）分列为五大领域，其中位居第一的是“口头传统和表现形式，包括作为非物质文化遗产媒介的语言”。按照我们的理解，口头传统与其他四大领域的关系不是相互平行和对等的关系，而是口头传统既相对独立，又以多种方式介入和统御其他领域的关系。尽管文字的使用是人类历史上的一宗伟大发明，但应承认，人类大量默会知识和文化创造力长期以来存续于口头传统之中，而知识界对这些堪称海量的知识和信息的认识还远未充分。作为人类表达文化之根，口头传统“古老而常新”，其便捷、高效的属性是其他信息技术所无法完全替代的。重视口头传统和口头诗学，从一定意义上说，也就是践行了“以人民为中心”的大方向，这也应当成为新时代中国非遗系统性保护的工作导向。
作者简介：朝戈金，内蒙古大学北疆文化研究中心研究员，中国社会科学院学部委员（北京 100732）
Abstract: In the text of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is manifested inter alia in five main domains, among which the first one is “oral traditions and expressions, including language as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage.” According to our understanding, the relationship between oral tradition and the other four domains is not parallel or equivalent; instead, it is relatively independent. Oral tradition intervenes in and dominates other domains in one way or another. Although writing is one of the great inventions throughout history of humanity, we must admit that the intellectual community remains largely unaware of the vast amount of tacit knowledge and cultural creativity embedded within oral traditions. Regarding as the root of human expressive culture, oral tradition is old but always new; its convenience and efficiency cannot be completely replaced by other forms of information technology. Giving importance to oral tradition and oral poetics, in a certain sense, aligns with practicing a “people-centered” approach in general, which should also become the working guidance of China’s systematic safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage in the new era.
About the author: CHAO Gejin (Chogjin), Chair Research Fellow at the Center for Studies in Northern Border Culture, Inner Mongolia University, Member of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (Beijing 100732)
文章来源：中国民俗学网
【本文责编：CFNEditor】
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