| |
|
摘要：回应联合国教科文组织为庆祝《非遗公约》通过20周年提出的“将社区的声音带到最前沿”这一倡议，通过一城（区）一村、国内国外的实践案例，来展现不同社区参与非遗保护的多重实践模式，以突显社区的声音及其主体性，并为更多社区最大限度参与保护和管理提供借鉴。通过对北京东花市街道和高碑店村的田野研究，将“非遗在社区”这一模式归总为关键性的“三在原则”：传承人长期实践在社区、非遗“活”在社区、社区长期参与在保护过程中；从“进社区”到“在社区”，标志着中国非遗保护工作在理念和实践模式上的重要创新；“社区驱动的非遗利用与乡村振兴”模式的有效性表明：只有充分尊重社区具有的主体性和能动性，非遗才有可能真正实现可持续发展并促成乡村振兴。“巴塔纳生态博物馆”的保护经验体现了“以社区为中心”的《公约》精神，为各缔约国更充分发挥社区的主体作用提供了范例。
关键词：社区参与；《保护非物质文化遗产公约》；非遗在社区；社区驱动；以社区为中心
作者简介：杨利慧，北京师范大学文学院民间文学研究所教授（北京 100875）
Abstract: Responding to UNESCO’s call to “Bringing communities’ voices to the forefront” in celebration of the 20th anniversary of the 2003 Convention, the present paper showcases the diverse experiences in path selection and multi models for communities’ participation in safeguarding intangible cultural heritage (ICH) and highlights the voices of the communities and their agencies by exploring cases from both urban and rural, China and abroad settings. It aims to further provide reference for more communities to engage into this safeguarding project with the widest possible participation. Based on field study conducted in Donghuashi Street and Gaobeidian Village in Beijing, the author argues the “Three Principles for Being Present” for the model of “ICH in the Communities”: traditional bearers work in certain communities for an extended period of time; ICH “lives” in the communities and the communities concerned engage in safeguarding processes over a long term. The shift from “ICH entering the community” to “ICH in the community” marks a significant innovation in the concepts and practices in safeguarding ICH in China. The effectiveness of the “community-driven ICH development and rural revitalization” model demonstrates that only by fully respecting the subjectivity and agency of the community concerned can the sustainable development of ICH and rural revitalization be truly realized. The safeguarding experience of the Batana Eco-Museum as one of Good Safeguarding Practices embodies the community-centered model which reflecting the spirit of the 2003 Convention, thereby provides a good example for other state parties to maximize the role of communities.
Keywords: Communities’ Participation; the 2003 Convention; Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage; ICH-in-the-Community model; Community-Driven model; Community-Centered model
About the author: YANG Lihui, Professor, Institute of Folk Literature, School of Chinese Language and Literature, Beijing Normal University (Beijing 100875)
文章来源：中国民俗学网
【本文责编：李中彦】
|
|
|
